My Command Line Notes

My UNIX (Solaris, Linux, BSD, Mac OS X) & Windows Command Line Notes

The UNIX Section

Command	Description	OS/Program
Common Commands
cd path ~ - ../	Change working directory ~ or cd takes you to your home directory, but it's not useable in all shells. - Takes you to last directory you visited ../ Takes you back one directory.	All
ls filename(s) -l -t -r -ltr -a -A -h -R -p -n -F	Shows contents of the directory -l gives nice list layout -t Puts files in order of time last accessed at the top -r Puts files in reverse order. -ltr lists files last accessed at the bottom -a shows all hidden files -A shows hidden file, but not . and .. -h Makes it human readable -R List contents of subdirectory. -p Puts a / after directoriries -n Displays UID and GID instead of username and groupname. -F Displays file type	All
lsof	lsof is a command line utility that stands for "list open files".	All
pwd	Tells you where you are	All
id	Tells you who you are.	All
cp sourcefile destionfile -p	Copies file from one place to anther. Can also change name of the destion file when copying. -p Perservers file info.	All
touch path/file	Creates file	All
mv sourcefile destionfile	Moves file from one place to anther. This command can also be used to rename a file	All
rm file rm -R directory rmdir directory Path:/usr/bin/rm Path:/usr/bin/rmdir	To remove files and directories Recursively removes directories and subdirectories Removes directory	All
mkdir Path -m -p Example: mkdir /usr/local/nagios	Makes directory Set mode like chmod Creates non-existing parent directories first	All
history	See your previous issued commands.	All
logout	logs out of treaminal.	All
clear	Clears terminal window	All
man CMD -l	Shows you a detailed discription of the command. * Note: On some systems you must hit [q] to exit the man page.	All
file filename -l -c -w -m	Displays number of lines, words and characters in a file. -l Line count -c Byte count -w Word count -m Character count	All
wc filename	Tells you what type of file it is.	All
lp options filname	Command to print to a printer from the CMD	All
Viewing Files
more file	Displays contents of file. Good for large text files. Controls [spacebar] - Moves forward 1 screen [Return] - Scrolls one line at at a time [b] - Back one screen /"string" - Search forward for pattern. [n] finds next occurance of pattern * Note: On some systems you must hit [q] to exit	All
cat file	Displays contents of file. Good for smaller text files * Note: Do not use with binary files	All
tail filename -f or -f# -# +# -n +n	Used for veiwing the tail end of large files. -f shows file as it's updated. Useful for viewing logs. - followed by a number, will display last number of lines. If you use -30 for example the terminal will the last 30 line in the file.	All
head filename -n	Displays 1st 10 lines of a file -n Change number of lines displayed	All
view filename -n	Like more, used to view big files	All
Editors
vi file Path: /bin/vi	Command line text editor that comes with every flavor of UNIX. Useful for checking or editing system files. Use the [esc] key to enter command (CMD) mode. CMD mode commands [a] append [i] insert [:w!] write [:q!] quit [:wq!] write and quit [x] delete [r] replace [dd] delete line [b] <- previous word [h] <- move tothe left [j] move down [k] move up [i] -> move to the right [w] -> move to next word to the right. [D] delete to the right of your location [.] repeat last command [yyp] copy line [cw] changes word. End of word is shown with a $ [set nu] gives line numbers [set nonu] removes lines [:/variable] to find item in file. Use [n] to find next	All
gedit file Path: /usr/sbin/	gedit is the default text Gnome GUI editor for Solaris	Gnome solaris
nedit file	nedit is the default text CDE GUI editor for Solaris	CDE Solaris
edit file Path: /usr/bin/edit	edit launchs the default GUI text editor for Mac OS X	Mac OS X
Other Non-command, but useful info		Shell
\	Use \ before a space. \ basically this means ignore the next space.	All
CMD ; CMD	Use ; to run another command after the one to the left is finished. If command to the left fails the command after the ; will still run.	All
CMD \| CMD	The \| is called a pipe. It is used to pipe output from one command to the next.	All
CMD \|\| CMD	\|\| - If 1st command fails, do command to the right. It is, do this or do that.	All
.	Having a . means to do this command in the current working directory.	All
.file	A dot in front of a file name means that it's a hidden file.	All
CMD && CMD	Use && to run 2nd command only if the 1st command complets. If the 1st CMD fails the 2nd CMD will not run. It's kind of like an and statment, do this and that.	All
CMD &	Use & after a command, to make the command run in the backgroud.	All
( )	Sub shell	All
CMD > file	Use this > to send output, of a command, to a file. This is also called a redirect.	All
CMD >> file	Use this >> to append output, of a command, to the end of anther file.	All
CMD 2>/dev/null	Use 2>/dev/null at the end of a command to dispose of error or to delete content.	All

Terminal Customizing

Command	Description	OS/Shell
Bash Path: /bin/bash or /usr/bin/bash	Bash is a popular shell. Type bash in to the terminal to switch to the bash shell. Bash is short for Bourne Again Shell.	Bash
korn shell Path: /bin/ksh	Korn shell is a popular shell. Type ksh in to the terminal to switch to the korn shell.	korn
C shell Path: /bin/csh	C shell is a popular shell. Type csh in to the terminal to switch to the C shell.	C shell
Bourne Path: /bin/sh	Bourne shell is a popular shell.	Bourne
tc shell	The tc shell or tcsh	tc shell
z shell	The z shell or zsh	z shell
export PS1= \d \t \h \# \u \W \w	This changes your prompt in the terminal. Must add or edit this in the .profile file in your home directory. \d - current date, \t - current time, \h - hostname, \# - command number, \u - user name, \W - current working directory, \w - current working directory(full path) Example: export PS1="\[\e[0;31m\]\u@\[\e[0;32m\h \e[0;34m\]\w>\e[m "	bash, ksh, sh
PATH=path:path: path	This give you more search paths. Adding paths helps you not have to type the full path to run commands. Must add or edit this in the .profile file in your home directory.	All

Disk and File Management

Command	Description	OS/Program
df -k -h -F filetype /directory Path: /usr/bin/df	Shows system directory size Outputs info in a nice chart. -h Human readable version of -k Displays only file format type you specify. / Shows where a directory is mounted.	All
du du -sh * Path: /usr/bin/du	Shows disk usage. Shows directory sizes.	All
swap -l -a Directory	Tells you were the swap file is located on system Adds space to the swap file on the system	All
mount /dev/hda2 /new/subdir mount -F nfs remote server: /export/home /local/home	Attaches drives (hard drives, cdrom, floppy) to file system Mounts NFS to local machine	All
umount /dev/hda2 or /new/subdir -f	Unmounts file system -f Forces a unmount -l Lazy unmount, forces unmount (linux)	All
mt -f tape name	Utility for magnetic tape drives. Mounts tape drives.	All Win too!
ln -s Path Path	make hard or symbolic links to files	All
newfs	Constructs a UFS file system	All
cfgadm -al -c unconfigure c[#] -c configure c[#]	To inspect configuration	Solaris 10
devfsadm -C -c device class (disk or tape)	Resets special device files. -C Clears special device files -c Resets special device files	Solaris 10
Volume Manager Solaris
metastat	Displays status for meta devices and hat spares. Useful for RAIDS	All

Command Line Screen Capture

Command	Description	OS/Program
Screencapture file name	Use to get command line Screen capture	Mac OS X
script file name -a	Use to get command line Screen capture -a appends to existing file.	All

System Administration

Command	Description	OS/Program
su su username su - or su username - Path: /usr/bin/	Assume superuser/root Assume anther user account The - argument gives you the environment of the account you assume. You can leave the username blank when assuming root. Other important su facts /varadm/sulog --> tracks who is using su	All
sudo sudo username - Example: sudo su - -i sudo CMD sudo shell Example: sudo bash Path for Solaris: /usr/local/bin/sudo Path for Mac OS X: /usr/bin/sudo	Assume root Assume anther user account - gives you the environment of the account you assume. -i after the sudo command gives the user root privileges for a short time. When used in Ubuntu the user is logged out of root, if the terminal has a period of inactivity. Put sudo in front of a command and it will run with root privileges. After the command finishes the user returns to a non-privileged account. sudo bash gives you root with a bash shell. * Note: The user must be in the sudoers file in order to use. This usually done buy adding a group to the file. Path to sudoer file /etc/sudoers	All
visudo Path: /usr/local/sbin/	Use ./visudo to edit the sudoers file.	All
uname -a -n -s	To see OS type -a gives all available info -n gives the systems host name -s gives you OS type	All
hostname	Tells you which computer your on.	All
zonename	Tells you which zone you are using	Solaris 10
ps -ef	Use this to see what processes are running on your machine. -e Lists all processes. -f Full list.	All
kill -9 process ID/s	Use this to kill processes that you no longer wish to run on your machine	All
pkill process name	Use this to kill programs that you no longer wish to run on your machine	All
reboot -- -r Path: /usr/sbin/	Reboots system. The -r is for reconfiguration boot, must be used with -- if your logged in remotely. The -- passes the -r option to the boot process.	All
crontab -l -e Path for Solaris: /var/cron/crontab Path for RedHat: /var/spool/cron/ RedHat configation file: /etc/crontab	For script automation -l to look at entries in crontab -e to edit contents in crontab. Must be root to use this option. * Note: if crontab -e doesn't work, us this command. EDITOR=vi;export EDITOR * Note: If you edit the crontab with a script you need to restart it manualy. Use these commands to do so. On RedHat(RHEL)/Fordora/Cent OS /etc/init.d/crond [start/stop/restart] On Debian or Ubuntu /etc/init.d/cron [start/stop/restart]	All
fuser -c -k -f -u Path: /usr/sbin/	Use to find out which user is using the file system you need to unmount	All
sneep -s serial number Path: /usr/sbin/	Gives system serial number as it is stored in NVRAM. -s can be used to set or input the serial number in NVRAM. Note - Command works a little differant in solaris 9 then in solaris 10. sneep logs all important changes to syslogd.	Solaris
Compress, Zip, Tar
tar cvf destination source tar xvf tarfile	Tares files Untares files	All
uncompress File.Z	Uncompress files with an .Z extension.	All
compress File	compresses files and puts .Z extension at the end.	All
gzip File	zips files on UNIX	All
gunzip File	Unzips files on UNIX	All
zip File	zips files on UNIX	All
unzip File	Used to unzip files with the .zip extention.	All
Services
svcs {process/program}		Solaris 10
svcadm {disable / enable} {process/program} svcadm refresh {process/program} -r Examples: svcadm disable ntp Path: /usr/sbin	To enable or disable process/program. <---- restart program -r starts all dependent services <---- This disables the NTP client	Solaris 10
svccfg {disable / enable} {process/program} Path: /usr/sbin	Service Configuration	Solaris 10
service {process/program} Path: /sbin/service	Used to see control services	Red Hat
svcprop {disable / enable} {process/program} Path: /usr/sbin	Used to see properties of services	Solaris 10
Package Management
pkgadd pkgname -d	To add software package -d To specify director	All
pkgrm pkgname	To remove a package	All
pkgchk pkgname -p -v	Verifies package -p checks file -v Lists package contents	All
pkginfo pkgname	Tells you what packages are installed on the computer and gives info on the package	All
pkgparam pkgname	Display package parameter values	All
showrev showrev -p \| grep pkgname	Shows packages on system. The 2nd line shows you how to find a certain package.	All

User Administration

Command	Description	OS/Program
passwd username -f -u -N -l -s daemon -r ldap -e -w # -x # Path: /etc/passwd	Set or change password -f Forces the user to change password at the next login -u unlocks the account. -N creates a Non-login account -l locks the account -s shows the status of a daemon -r ldap updates or changes the user's password in LDAP. -e gives you the ability to change your default shell. -w sets the warring time, which tells you to reset your password. -x sets the days till the password expires. * Note: The passwd command stores the passwords in the /etc/passwd file.	All
useradd username -d path/username	Adds user to system. The -d option sets the users home directory. * Note: The new account will be locked intill you set the password.	All
groupadd gid groupname Example: groupadd -g 101 nagios	Adds groups to system -g Assigns the group id gid for the new group	All
rmuser username	Use this command to remove a user.	All
chown username filename chown username:groupname path/filename	Change owner of file	All
chmod permissions/options file -R Examples: chmod 777 /home/filename	Changes permissions on files. Changes Read, Write(modify), Execute permissions r = read, w = write, x = execute, - = no permisstions r = 4, w = 2, x = 1, - = 0 7 = rwx, 5 = r-x, -R changes permissions in subdirectories recursively.	All
chgrp groupname file/directory	Changes group ownership	All
last username lastlog path: /var/log/lastlog	See last time user logged in Prints contents of lastlog	All
whois	Tells you who is logged onto a system.	All
who	Tells you who is logged onto a system.	All
w	Tells you who is logged onto a system. Same as who but, has better layout. Has header for each section. Shows server uptime, time, number of users and average load.	All

Remote connections

Command	Description	OS/Program
ssh user@hostname or ssh hostname ssh -X or -Y hostname -C ssh-keygen ssh-agent bash ssh-add Path: /usr/bin/	For logging in securely to remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. -X or -Y lets you locally display X11 programs from a remote machine. -X is better to use then -Y, only use -Y if -X doesn't work. -C is used to compress the data. The "ssh-keygen" command generates the public and private key pair used in ssh encryption. The "ssh-agent bash" command starts your ssh agent in the bash shell. The "ssh-add" command adds the ssh keys to your machine. Both "ssh-agent" & "ssh-add" commands are used for key exchange, so you don't need to use your password to login. Links to more info on setting up key exchange. http://www.g-loaded.eu/2005/11/10/ssh-with-keys The ssh configuration file. /etc/ssh/sshd_config	All
scp Lfile username @hostname: Rdir scp -r Lfile username@hostname: Rdir Example: scp myfile mylogin@myserver:/home scp mylogin@myserver:/home myfile Path: /usr/bin/	Securely transfer files between two computers -r To copy a directory Links to more info. http://kb.iu.edu/data/agye.html http://acs.ucsd.edu/info/scp.shtml	All
rsh or rlogin hostname Path: /usr/bin/	To login to remote machines. Security Notice, this is not secure.	All
sftp hostname Path for UNIX: /usr/bin/	Use to transfer files to and from computers	UNIX & Windows
ftp hostname Path for UNIX: /usr/bin/	Use to transfer files to and from computers Security Notice Transmits username and password in the clear.	UNIX & Windows
telnet hostname Path for UNIX: /usr/bin/	To login to remote machines. Not secure. Security Notice Transmits username and password in the clear.	UNIX & Windows
xhost + xhost + hostname	Allows connections from remote hosts Allows connections from single host	All
setenv DISPLAY hostname:0.0	Must use csh Remote displays back to your location. Functions like ssh -X. Security Notice, this is not secure. Must use with xhost +. Links to more info: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-to-export-display-from-linux-to-freebsd.html	All
export DISPLAY hostname:0.0	works with Bash, KSH. Remote displays back to your location. Functions like ssh -X. Security Notice, this is not secure. Must use with xhost +. Links to more info: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/how-to-export-display-from-linux-to-freebsd.html	All

ZFS

Command	Description	OS/Program
zpool create -f 'pool name' 'hard disk' Example: zpool create -f newpool c1t2d0	Makes a ZFS partion called newpool	ZFS
zpool status -v	To see ZFS status and device names	ZFS
zfs create -o list	Makes ZFS directory for options Much like df -k	ZFS

Zones

Command	Description	OS/Program
zonename	Tells you which zone you are using	Solaris 10
zoneadm list -cv	List all zones on machine. status installed ---> needs to be booted status configured ---> needs to be installed	Solaris
zoneadm -z zonename install zoneadm -z zonename boot zoneadm -z zonename halt zoneadm -z zonename detach zoneadm -z zonename ready zoneadm -z zonename reboot zoneadm -z zonename uninstall [-F]	installs a zone boots the zone Halts zone Detach the specified zone Prepares a zone for running applications but does not start any user processes in the zone Restart the zones Uninstall the specified zone from the system	Solaris
zonecfg -z zonename -f configfile zonecfg -z zonename delete zonecfg -z zonename uninstall	Configures zone Deletes zones uninstalls zone	Solaris
zlogin -C zonename	Used to login to a zone	Solaris

Important locations

Important locations	Why It's important	OS/Program
$HOME/.profile	User's profile file used with sh and ksh	All
/etc/passwd	System's password file. Can be used to check if user/process has an account on machine.	All
/etc/shadow	This where /etc/passwd stores the passwords. * Note: NP or ! means no password set. LK or * means account is locked. !! means the account is expired. These items will be found in the password section in this file.	All
/etc/profile	system-wide profile file used with bash, sh and ksh	All
/etc/services	Services on server. list of services and port numbers	All
/etc/inetd.conf	Services on server.	All
/usr/local/sbin/visudo	Command used to edit the sudoers file.	All
/usr/bin/firefox	Path to firefox	All
/usr/sfw/bin/mozilla /usr/lib/mozilla/mozilla	Path to mazilla web browser on solaris	Solaris
/usr/dt/appconfig/netscape/netscape	Path to Netscape	All
/etc/issue	For the remote login banner	All
/etc/release	Shows Solaris release version.	Solaris
/etc/group	Used to define groups	All
Networking
/etc/hosts	Use to check network addresses	All
/etc/hosts.allow	Used with ssh	All
/etc/resolv.conf	Mostly used for DNS. Useful for LDAP as well	All
/etc/nsswitch.conf	Tells server where to look 1st for name server/LDAP	All
Logs
/var/log/daemonlog	System messages	All
/var/adm/message	System messages	Solaris 10
/var/log/message	System messages	Linux
/usr/sbin/audit		All
/usr/sbin/logadm		All
/etc/security/audit_log.sh		All
/var/log/syslog	System log. syslogd is the process that writes to this log.	Linux
/etc/syslog.conf	System log configuration.	All
/var/adm/sulog	log file Logs all failed attempts to su to another user are logged here.	All
/etc/sulog.conf	Sulog configuration	All
/var/log	Authlog - used for login authorization.	All
/var/cron.log	Cronlog	All
/var/apach2/logs	Authlog - used for login authorization.	All

Networking

Command	Description	OS/Program
ping hostname UNIX Path:/usr/sbin/	Use to check network connections	UNIX & Windows
ifconfig -a ifconfig NIC "up/down" plumb Example: ifconfig eth1 down Path: /sbin/ or /usr/sbin/	Used to check the computers network configuration. Simular to ipconfig in windows. To bring a NIC card/interface up or down. The CMD plumb sets the device to a physical interfase name. This example bring the interface down.	All
arp hostname UNIX Path: /usr/sbin/	The arp command is for name to address resolution.	UNIX & Windows
nslookup servername	Gives server IP address	All
netstat -rn	Shows routing table	All
dladm show-link	Shows network interfases	Solaris
ntpdate NTP server Path:/usr/sbin/	Resinks the local machine with the NTP servers date/time	All
ipfw list	Allows you to see the actual firewall rules Must have ipf firwall installed to work. Installed on Mac OS X by default	All From BSD
ipf	Allows IP filtering * Must be root to use	All
traceroute Path: /usr/sbin/traceroute	Traces routes	All
route add net IP IP Path: /usr/sbin/	Add static routes	All

NetBackup Commands & Files

Command & Files	Description	OS/Program
Drivers
add_drv driver	Use to add/install drivers	Solaris
rem_drv driver	Use to remove drivers	Solaris
sg.install	Use to install drivers	All
Important Netbackup files
hosts Path: /etc/hosts	NetBackup uses this file to find hosts and servers.	System
hosts.allow Path: /etc/hosts.allow	NetBackup uses this file to allow services on servers and clients.	system
bp.conf Path: /usr/openv/netbackup/bp.conf	NetBackup network config file. Used to define server and clints. * Note - this file does not exist on Windows machines. The NetBackup Client GUI takes care of this under "Specify NetBackup Machines".	NetBackup
auth.conf Path:	NetBackup file permissions.	NetBackup
NetBackup GUI Path & CMD: /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/jnbSA	This the default path to the NetBackup GUI. Use this command to lanuch the app.	NetBackup
Commmands
tpautoconf -t -a -v Path: /usr/openv/volmgr	Shows how tape drives are being seen by NetBackup Automaticly configures devices for you Verbos - detail feedback	NetBackup
tpconfig -d Path: /usr/openv/volmgr/bin	Allows you to rest tape devices. Can up or down devices. Allows you to manually configure tape	NetBackup
cfgadm -al -c unconfigure c[#] -c configure c[#]	To inspect configuration	Solaris 10
devfsadm -C -c device class (disk or tape)	Resets special device files. -C Clears special device files -c Resets special device files	Solaris 10
sgscan all Path: /usr/openv/volmgr/bin/	Validates how drivers see devices.	NetBackup
netbackup start/stop Path: /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/goodies	To start or stop NetBackup	NetBackup
bp.start_all Path: /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/ Windows path: {install Path}netbackup/bin/	NetBackup command to start NetBackup.	NetBackup UNIX
bp.kill_all	Old NetBackup command to stop NetBackup. Use the new command netbackup.	NetBackup UNIX
S77netbackup start/stop Path: /etc/rc2.d/S77netbackup	To start or stop NetBackup though the use of the rc script.	System
bpdown Path: \NetBackup\bin\	Brings NetBackup down in Windows.	NetBackup Windows
bpup Path: \NetBackup\bin\	Brings NetBackup up in Windows.	NetBackup Windows
bpps -x -x -a Path: /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/	Shows NetBackup Running processes. -x Shows every Netbackup process. -a Only shows important processes.	NetBackup
vxpbx_exchange start/stop Path: /opt/VRTSpbx/bin	Use this to start or stop the PBX program. NetBackup needs this program to run.	NetBackup
sg.build all Path: /usr/openv/volmgr/bin/		NetBackup
bpbackup Path: /usr/openv/netbackup/bpbackup	Use this command to start a NetBackup job from the command line.	NetBackup
bpexpdate -host "hostname" -m "tape#" -d 0 Path: /usr/openv/netbackup/admincmd	Use this to zero out tapes so you can use them on other servers. -d0 Zeros out tape	NetBackup
vmupcmd -h hostname -{up\|down\|reset}	Used to up, down and reset drives	NetBackup
nbrbutil Path: /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/admincmd/	Resets Media server. Can eject stuck tapes.	NetBackup
bpclntcmd -hn hostname -ip IP address	-hn with a hostname gives you what NetBackup see as the servers IP address -ip with a IP address shows you what Netbackup thinks is the hostname.	NetBackup
Notes
Note	* /opt/openv can be used instead of /usr/openv/ * Before you take a client server down. You must first remove the server from the NetBackup Master Server.	NetBackup
NetBackup Ports
bpcd 13782/tcp		NetBackup
vnetd 13724/tcp		NetBackup
bprd 13730/tcp		NetBackup
vopied 13783/tcp		NetBackup
bpjava-msvc 13722/tcp		NetBackup
NetBackup Logs
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bpcd Windows: {Install_Path}\netbackup\logs\bpcd		NetBackup
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bprd Windows: {Install_Path}\netbackup\logs\bprd		NetBackup
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bpsched Windows: {Install_Path}\netbackup\logs\bpsched		NetBackup
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bpbrm Windows: {Install_Path}\netbackup\logs\bpbrm		NetBackup
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bptm Windows: {Install_Path}\netbackup\logs\bptm		NetBackup
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/bpbkar Windows: Install_Path}\netbackup\logs\bpbkar		NetBackup
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/logs/tar Windows: {Install_Path}\netbackup\logs\tar	For restore issues.	NetBackup
UNIX: /usr/openv/netbackup/bin/logview		NetBackup

The Windows Section

Command Description

dir path Show whats in a directory

cd path Change working directory

telnet server To login to remote machines
Security Notice
Transmits username and password in the clear.

ftp hostname Use to transfer files to and from computers
Security Notice
Transmits username and password in the clear. Use sftp instead.

sftp hostname Use to transfer files to and from computers. sftp is a secure version of ftp.

ipconfig
/all
/renew
/release
Displays network setting, like a computers IP address.
/all gives more details.
/renew gets new network settings from the DNS server.
/release releases the computers network settings

ping hostname Use to check network connections

netstat Gives you routes

tracecert Traces routes

nslookup servername Gives server IP address

route
print
ADD problem IP MASK Mask print - Displays routing table.
ADD

type file Use this command to display the contents of a text file on the command line.

%SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts Location of host file

%SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc\services Location of services file

Command	Description
dir path	Show whats in a directory
cd path	Change working directory
telnet server	To login to remote machines Security Notice Transmits username and password in the clear.
ftp hostname	Use to transfer files to and from computers Security Notice Transmits username and password in the clear. Use sftp instead.
sftp hostname	Use to transfer files to and from computers. sftp is a secure version of ftp.
ipconfig /all /renew /release	Displays network setting, like a computers IP address. /all gives more details. /renew gets new network settings from the DNS server. /release releases the computers network settings
ping hostname	Use to check network connections
netstat	Gives you routes
tracecert	Traces routes
nslookup servername	Gives server IP address
route print ADD problem IP MASK Mask	print - Displays routing table. ADD
type file	Use this command to display the contents of a text file on the command line.
%SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts	Location of host file
%SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc\services	Location of services file

Program Commands

Command	Description	OS/Program
SQLPlus	Command to login to Oracle	Oracle
perl -v	To see if ActivePerl is installed	Perl

Miss

Command	Description	OS/Program/Shell
ed	Used in a script to edit a file.	Scripting
ypCMD	Used to edit or make change when working with NIS. Nis is a directory service.	NIS
Sun4u	This is a normal Solaris server.	Solaris
Sunfv	This is a blade server.	Solaris
RedHat	When mentioning RedHat it also means. RedHat(RHEL)/Fordora.Cent OS	RedHat
watch-net-all	OK promt CMD. Shows NIC ports with cables attached to it.	Spark hardware
show-net	OK promt CMD. Shows all interfaces, with paths.	Spark hardware
boot NIC name -install -r	OK promt CMD. "NIC name" -install is for a network install. -r tells solaris to probe for hardware where booting	Spark hardware
finger username	Lets you look or find users. Disabled on many systems	All
file filename	Will display file type.	All
ppriv pid -a Path: /usr/bin/ppriv	Get the effective privileges of a process. -a shows all privileges for a process ID(pid).	Solaris
stop-slapd	Stops the LDAP server.	LDAP
start-slapd	Starts a LDAP server.	LDAP
which CMD	Looks in your path for the command and displays its path.	All
getfacl	Modify the Access Control List (ACL) for a files	All
Note	ACL Example -rwxr--r--+ 1 user4 staff 6 00:00 filename The + stats that an non-trivial ACL has been set on the file.	All
while true	Creates a loop that runs in-till the condition is met.	Scripting
do CMD	Do this command	Scripting
done	Closes a loop.	Scripting

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